608dfda3f9
Went back from OpenWRT 19.07.3 to OEM firmware 1.2.0.4 (China) using nmrpflash. After a few times of retries, router finally answered nmrpflash and recieved my firmware image. "Timeout while waiting for ACK(0)/OACK" occured the first time and did not occur again.
225 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
225 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
nmrpflash - Netgear Unbrick Utility
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====================================
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`nmrpflash` uses Netgear's [NMRP protocol](http://www.chubb.wattle.id.au/PeterChubb/nmrp.html)
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to flash a new firmware image to a compatible device. It has been successfully used on a Netgear
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EX2700, EX6120, EX6150v2, DNG3700v2, R6100, R6220, R7000, D7000, WNR3500, R6400 and R6800, WNDR3800, but is likely to be compatible
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with many other Netgear devices.
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Prebuilt binaries for Linux, ~OS X~ macOS and Windows are available
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[here](https://github.com/jclehner/nmrpflash/releases)
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([Npcap](https://nmap.org/npcap/) is required on Windows).
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```
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Usage: nmrpflash [OPTIONS...]
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Options (-i, and -f or -c are mandatory):
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-a <ipaddr> IP address to assign to target device
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-A <ipaddr> IP address to assign to selected interface
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-B Blind mode (don't wait for response packets)
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-c <command> Command to run before (or instead of) TFTP upload
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-f <firmware> Firmware file
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-F <filename> Remote filename to use during TFTP upload
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-i <interface> Network interface directly connected to device
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-m <mac> MAC address of target device (xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx)
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-M <netmask> Subnet mask to assign to target device
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-t <timeout> Timeout (in milliseconds) for NMRP packets
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-T <timeout> Time (seconds) to wait after successfull TFTP upload
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-p <port> Port to use for TFTP upload
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-R <region> Set device region (NA, WW, GR, PR, RU, BZ, IN, KO, JP)
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-v Be verbose
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-V Print version and exit
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-L List network interfaces
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-h Show this screen
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```
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### Using nmrpflash
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Your Netgear router must be connected to your network using an
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Ethernet cable. The device running `nmrpflash` must be connected
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to the same network, using either Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
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Usage sequence of events:
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1. Turn off the router
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2. Connect ethernet cable from computer to router's LAN1
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3. Run nmrpflash on command line
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4. Turn on the router.
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All available network interfaces can be listed using
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```
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# nmrpflash -L
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eth0 192.168.1.2 f2:11:a1:02:03:b1
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```
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Once you've determined the interface to use, we can flash the image. Firmware
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images can usually be downloaded directly from Netgear. Power on your device
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immediately after starting `nmrpflash`.
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```
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# nmrpflash -i eth0 -f EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
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Advertising NMRP server on eth0 ... /
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Received configuration request from a4:2b:8c:00:00:01.
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Sending configuration: 10.164.183.252/24
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Received upload request: filename 'firmware'.
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Uploading EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img ...
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Upload successful.
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Waiting for remote to respond.
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Remote finished. Closing connection.
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Reboot your device now.
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```
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### Common issues
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In any case, run `nmrpflash` with `-vvv` before filing a bug report. Also,
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try connecting your Netgear router *directly* to the computer running
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`nmrpflash`.
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###### "Error while loading shared libraries: ..." (Linux)
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You must install your Linux distribution's `libpcap` and `libnl-3`
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packages (exact names will vary depending on your distribution).
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###### "The program can't start because wpcap.dll is missing" (Windows)
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Install [Npcap](https://nmap.org/npcap/). For `nmrpflash` versions prior
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to 0.9.14, install Npcap with "WinPcap Compatibility" enabled.
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Version 0.9.13 is the last version to support Windows XP.
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###### "No suitable network interfaces found."
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Make sure the network interface is up (wireless interfaces are not supported).
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On Windows, try restarting the WinPcap service (commands must be run as
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administrator):
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```
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C:\> net stop npf
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C:\> net start npf
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```
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###### "No response after 60 seconds. Bailing out."
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The router did not respond. Always run `nmrpflash` in the sequence
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described above!
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If that still doesn't work, you can try "blind mode", which can be
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invoked using `-B`. Note that you also have to specify your router's
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mac address using `-m xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx`. Also beware that in this mode,
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careful timing between running `nmrpflash` and turning on the router may
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be required!
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It's also possible that your device does not support the NMRP protocol.
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###### "Timeout while waiting for ACK(0)/OACK."
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The device did not respond to `nmrpflash`'s TFTP upload request. By default,
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`nmrpflash` will assign `10.164.183.252` to the target device, while adding `10.164.183.253`
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to the network interface specified by the `-i` flag. You can use `-a` to change the IP
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address assigned to the target (e.g. if your network is `192.168.1.0/24`, specify a *free*
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IP address, such as `-a 192.168.1.252`), and `-A` to change the IP address used for the
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network interface.
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This error message could also indicate a bug in the TFTP code; try using an external tftp
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client (busybox in this example), by specifying the `-c` flag instead of the `-f` flag:
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`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -c 'busybox tftp -p -l EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img $IP'`
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The environment variable `IP` is set by `nmrpflash` (other environment variables
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are: `MAC`, `PORT`, `NETMASK`).
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###### "Timeout while waiting for CLOSE_REQ."
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After a successful file upload, `nmrpflash` waits for up to 5 minutes for an
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answer from your device. You can increase this by specifying a longer timeout
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using `-T` switch (argument is in seconds).
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It's entirely possible that the image was flashed successfully, but the
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operation took longer than 5 minutes.
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###### "Address X/Y cannot be used on interface Z."
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`nmrpflash` refuses to use an IP address / subnet mask combination that would
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make the remote device unreachable from the device running `nmrpflash`. For
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example, if the IP address of your computer is 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0, assigning
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192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0 to the router makes no sense, because the TFTP upload will
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fail.
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###### "IP address of X has changed. Please assign a static IP to the interface."
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This can happen if the network interface in question automatically detects that
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the network cable has been connected, and your computer tries to reconfigure that
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interface (NetworkManager on Linux does this for example) - this can usually be
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disabled.
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An alternative would be to add `-c 'ifconfig <interface> <ip>'` to the command line,
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for example:
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`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.1 -f firmware.bin -c 'ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2'`
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This will execute the command specified by `-c` prior to starting the TFTP upload (in
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this case setting the IP address to 192.168.1.2).
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###### "Received keep-alive request."
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This usually means that flashing is in progress. On some devices, you may get a few
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hundred keep-alive requests before it eventually finishes!
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###### "TFTP block rollover. Upload might fail!"
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By default, file transfers using TFTP are limited to `65535 * 512` bytes
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(almost 32 MiB). Uploading files exceeding this limit might fail, depending
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on the device.
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###### "Ignoring extra upload request."
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Extraneous upload requests are usually sent by the device if the image validation
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failed. Some possible causes are:
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* If you downloaded a firmware that's contained in an archive (a `.zip` for
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example), you must extract this file, and then use the contained firmware file
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as the argument to the `-f` parameter. Some examples for file extensions used
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for firmware: `.chk`, `.bin`, `.trx`, `.img`.
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* Some devices prevent you from downgrading the firmware. See if it works with
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the latest version available for your device. If you're already using the latest
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version, it might be possible to patch the version info of the firmware file. A
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future version of `nmrpflash` might incorporate an auto-patch feature for these
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cases.
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* Your device might expect a different image format for `nmrpflash` than when
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flashing via the web interface.
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###### "bind: Cannot assign requested address"
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Specify the address of the router, and address of your computer, using
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`-A` and `-a`. For example:
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`-A 10.0.0.2 -a 10.0.0.1`
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or
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`-A 192.168.1.2 -a 192.168.1.1`
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### Building and installing
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###### Linux, Mac OS X, BSDs
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```
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$ make && sudo make install
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```
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###### Windows
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The repository includes a
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[DevCpp](http://sourceforge.net/projects/orwelldevcpp/)
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project file (`nmrpflash.dev`). Download the latest
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[Npcap SDK](https://nmap.org/npcap/)
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and extract it into the root folder of the `nmrpflash` sources.
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### Donate
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You can [buy me a coffee](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/jclehner) if you want, but please consider
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donating the money for charity instead - [Médecins Sans Frontiers](https://www.msf.org/donate) comes to mind,
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but any other organization, local or international, that you think deserves support will do. Thank you!
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