177 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
nmrpflash - Netgear Unbrick Utility
|
|
====================================
|
|
|
|
This program uses Netgear's [NMRP protocol]
|
|
(http://www.chubb.wattle.id.au/PeterChubb/nmrp.html)
|
|
to flash a new firmware image to a compatible device. This utility has been
|
|
successfully used on a Netgear EX2700 and DNG3700v2, but is likely to work
|
|
with many other Netgear routers as well.
|
|
|
|
Prebuilt binaries for Linux, OS X and Windows are available
|
|
[here](https://github.com/jclehner/nmrpflash/releases)
|
|
([WinPcap](https://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm) is required on Windows).
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Usage: nmrpflash [OPTIONS...]
|
|
|
|
Options (-i and -f and/or -c are mandatory):
|
|
-a <ipaddr> IP address to assign to target device
|
|
-A <ipaddr> IP address to assign to interface
|
|
-c <command> Command to run before (or instead of) TFTP upload
|
|
-f <firmware> Firmware file
|
|
-F <filename> Remote filename to use during TFTP upload
|
|
-i <interface> Network interface directly connected to device
|
|
-m <mac> MAC address of target device (xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx)
|
|
-M <netmask> Subnet mask to assign to target device
|
|
-t <timeout> Timeout (in milliseconds) for regular messages
|
|
-T <timeout> Time (seconds) to wait after successfull TFTP upload
|
|
-p <port> Port to use for TFTP upload
|
|
-R <region> Set device region (NA, WW, GR, PR, RU, BZ, IN, KO, JP)
|
|
-v Be verbose
|
|
-V Print version and exit
|
|
-L List network interfaces
|
|
-h Show this screen
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Using nmrpflash
|
|
|
|
Your Netgear router must be connected to your network using an
|
|
Ethernet cable. The device running `nmrpflash` must be connected
|
|
to the same network, using either Wi-Fi or Ethernet.
|
|
|
|
All available network interfaces can be listed using
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
# nmrpflash -L
|
|
eth0 192.168.1.2 f2:11:a1:02:03:b1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Once you've determined the interface to use, we can flash the image. Firmware
|
|
images can usually be downloaded directly from Netgear. For details on how to
|
|
do this, see [here](#obtaining-firmware-images). Power on your device immediately
|
|
after starting `nmrpflash`.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
# nmrpflash -i eth0 -f EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
|
|
Advertising NMRP server on eth0 ... /
|
|
Received configuration request from a4:2b:8c:00:00:01.
|
|
Sending configuration: ip 10.164.183.252, mask 255.255.255.0.
|
|
Received upload request: filename 'firmware'.
|
|
Uploading EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img ... OK
|
|
Waiting for remote to respond.
|
|
Remote finished. Closing connection.
|
|
Reboot your device now.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Common issues
|
|
|
|
In any case, run `nmrpflash` with `-vvv` before filing a bug report. Also,
|
|
try connecting your Netgear router *directly* to the computer running
|
|
`nmrpflash`.
|
|
|
|
###### "Error while loading shared libraries: libpcap.so.0.8" (Linux)
|
|
|
|
You must install your Linux distribution's `libpcap` package. In
|
|
openSUSE or Ubuntu for example, install `libpcap0.8`. Other distros
|
|
will have a similarily named package.
|
|
|
|
###### "The program can't start because wpcap.dll is missing" (Windows)
|
|
|
|
Install [WinPcap](https://www.winpcap.org/install/default.htm).
|
|
|
|
###### "No suitable network interfaces found."
|
|
|
|
Make sure the network interface is up (wireless interfaces are not supported).
|
|
On Windows, try restarting the WinPcap service (commands must be run as
|
|
administrator):
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
C:\> net stop npf
|
|
C:\> net start npf
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
###### "No response after 60 seconds. Bailing out."
|
|
|
|
The router did not respond. Try rebooting the device and run `nmrpflash` again.
|
|
You could also try running `nmrpflash` with `-m` and specify your router's
|
|
MAC address. It's also possible that your device does not support the NMRP protocol.
|
|
|
|
###### "Timeout while waiting for initial reply."
|
|
|
|
The device did not respond to `nmrpflash`'s TFTP upload request. By default,
|
|
`nmrpflash` will assign `10.164.183.252` to the target device, while adding `10.164.183.253`
|
|
to the network interface specified by the `-i` flag. You can use `-a` to change the IP
|
|
address assigned to the target (e.g. if your network is `192.168.1.0/24`, specify a *free*
|
|
IP address, such as `-a 192.168.1.252`), and `-A` to change the IP address used for the
|
|
network interface.
|
|
|
|
This error message could also indicate a bug in the TFTP code; try using an external tftp
|
|
client (busybox in this example), by specifying the `-c` flag instead of the `-f` flag:
|
|
|
|
`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -c "busybox tftp -p -l EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img \$IP"`
|
|
|
|
###### "Timeout while waiting for CLOSE_REQ."
|
|
|
|
After a successful file upload, `nmrpflash` waits for up to 5 minutes for an
|
|
answer from your device. You can increase this by specifying a longer timeout
|
|
using `-T` switch (argument is in seconds).
|
|
|
|
It's entirely possible that the image was flashed successfully, but the
|
|
operation took longer than 5 minutes.
|
|
|
|
###### "Address X/Y cannot be used on interface Z."
|
|
|
|
`nmrpflash` refuses to use an IP address / subnet mask combination that would
|
|
make the remote device unreachable from the device running `nmrpflash`. For
|
|
example, if the IP address of your computer is 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0, assigning
|
|
192.168.2.1/255.255.255.0 to the router makes no sense, because the TFTP upload will
|
|
fail.
|
|
|
|
###### "IP address of X has changed. Please assign a static IP to the interface."
|
|
|
|
This can happen if the network interface in question automatically detects that
|
|
the network cable has been connected, and your computer tries to reconfigure that
|
|
interface (NetworkManager on Linux does this for example) - this can usually be
|
|
disabled.
|
|
|
|
An alternative would be to add `-c 'ifconfig <interface> <ip>'` to the command line,
|
|
for example:
|
|
|
|
`# nmrpflash -i eth0 -a 192.168.1.1 -f firmware.bin -c 'ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2'`
|
|
|
|
This will execute the command specified by `-c` prior to starting the TFTP upload (in
|
|
this case setting the IP address to 192.168.1.2).
|
|
|
|
### Building and installing
|
|
###### Linux, Mac OS X, BSDs
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ make && sudo make install
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
###### Windows
|
|
|
|
The repository includes a
|
|
[DevCpp](http://sourceforge.net/projects/orwelldevcpp/)
|
|
project file (`nmrpflash.dev`). Download the latest
|
|
[WinPcap Developer Pack](https://www.winpcap.org/devel.htm)
|
|
and extract it into the root folder of the nmrpflash sources.
|
|
|
|
### Obtaining firmware images
|
|
|
|
Firmware images can be downloaded directly from Netgear's FTP servers.
|
|
For the Netgear EX2700 for example, download
|
|
ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/fileinfo.txt. At the top there
|
|
should be an entry like this:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
[Major1]
|
|
file=EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img
|
|
...
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The download link for the latest firmware image for this device is thus:
|
|
ftp://updates1.netgear.com/ex2700/ww/EX2700-V1.0.1.8.img. Substitute
|
|
`ex2700` for your device (`wndr4300`, `wndr3700`, `r6100`, etc.). If
|
|
neccessary, substitute `ww` (world-wide) for a specific region.
|
|
|